Biotechnology & Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical engineering advances knowledge in engineering, biology and medicine, and improves human health through cross-disciplinary activities that integrate the engineering sciences with the biomedical sciences and clinical practice.
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Generally, biotechnology is essential in pharmaceutical development, health care, agriculture and industrial treatment of crops for non-food uses such as fuels, oils, and consumer goods such as plastics, all of which have advanced the standard of living of the average consumer. As a result, there has been an increased effort to gain proprietary rights over biotechnology, most notably in the form of patent protection.
Biotechnological inventions must comprise patentable subject matter, that have utility, are novel and non-obvious, and the written description must be enabling. Although many biotechnology patent applications seek protection for DNA, genomics, vaccines, drug delivery methods, microbes, cell lines, bioinformatics, tissue generation, microfluidic devices, microarrays, viruses, certain types of microorganisms, and the like.
Biological mechanisms are unpredictable as compared to other technologies that have formed the basis for most patent applications, a heightened enablement/disclosure requirement has been introduced in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, with new case law that has been recognized and incorporated.
